Alexander Calder Essasy essays

Alexander Calder Essasy essays Alexander Calder was born in Lawnton, a suburb of Philadelphia, on the date of July 22 1898. He was named Alexander after his father, Alexander Stirling Calder, and his grandfather Alexander Miline Calder. With all three of the Calder men being named Alexander, they needed something to set them apart from one another, so the youngest Alexander, developed the nickname Sandy. He got this nickname because he looked like Santa Clause with his flannel shirts on, and a clown with his big, baggy khaki pants. Sandys grandfather, Alexander Miline, was a wonderful sculptor. Philadelphias new city hall hired him in 1872 to design and model various figures. One of his best known statues that he made was one of William Penn. This statue took twenty years to complete, and the reason it took this long is because it stands thirty-seven feet high! Just to give you an idea about how big this thing is Penns nose is thirteen inches long, and his buttons are six inches in diameter. This statue weighed 60,000 pounds and had to be taken apart just to get it to the roof of the City Hall tower where it stands to this day. Sandys grandfather had six children one being Alexander Stirling Calder, Sandys father. Alexander Stirling Calder was also a great sculptor. Stirling seemed more sophisticated with his works and wanted more realism to his sculptors. However, the Calder name was still not really associated with art till Sandy came along. Sandy was the youngest of his family. He had a sister named Peggy that was two years than he was. His father, as you already know, was Alexander Stirling Calder and his mother Nanette Calder. When Sandy was three his mother and father sold their house in Lawnton and moved to an apartment in Philadelphia. When Sandy was little his mother and father often called on him to pose for them while they would sculpt. He would often pose in the nude as in the sculpture ...

Free Essays on Socrates,Plato,Aristotle

As Plato once said â€Å"philosophy begins in wonder†. Plato was part of a triad of great thinkers who had in common a student - teacher relationship built on questioning and discussion rather than memorization and recollection of facts. Although they agreed and disagreed on many topics, it was their style of questioning and the resulting intense debates which brought them renown. Despite the passing of twenty-five hundred years their topics remain relevant to the modern world. The first of these great minds, Socrates, was born in Athens around 470 b.c. to a sculptor and midwife. As a young man he studied popular philosophers of the time, but felt that their ideas were not pertinent to the people. The ‘pre-socratics’ toiled over questions like the the distance of the earth from the sun. Even if the answer were known, it would have no bearing on the lives of anybody. Socrates focus was on morality and politics, which affected everyone's life. It was the questions that Socrates raised that led to his notoriety and fame. Simple questions people thought they knew the answer to went through the Socratic thinking process and revealed to many that not only did they not know the answer, but neither did he. It was the fact that Socrates questioned everything that got him in trouble. Socrates revealed how little people in power knew, as well as everyone else. He also taught people to be true to themselves above all other things, which is a key point in his enemies accusations that he corrupted youth and had no reverence for the Gods. â€Å"If you take my advice you will think little of Socrates, and a great deal more about truth.† Plato, a student of Socrates, was born to a wealthy aristocratic family and became Socrates’ student at age twenty. Not only was he important as a philosopher himself, but also because he recorded Socrates’ work. (Socrates wrote nothing) Therefore what we know of Socrates is based on the writin... Free Essays on Socrates,Plato,Aristotle Free Essays on Socrates,Plato,Aristotle As Plato once said â€Å"philosophy begins in wonder†. Plato was part of a triad of great thinkers who had in common a student - teacher relationship built on questioning and discussion rather than memorization and recollection of facts. Although they agreed and disagreed on many topics, it was their style of questioning and the resulting intense debates which brought them renown. Despite the passing of twenty-five hundred years their topics remain relevant to the modern world. The first of these great minds, Socrates, was born in Athens around 470 b.c. to a sculptor and midwife. As a young man he studied popular philosophers of the time, but felt that their ideas were not pertinent to the people. The ‘pre-socratics’ toiled over questions like the the distance of the earth from the sun. Even if the answer were known, it would have no bearing on the lives of anybody. Socrates focus was on morality and politics, which affected everyone's life. It was the questions that Socrates raised that led to his notoriety and fame. Simple questions people thought they knew the answer to went through the Socratic thinking process and revealed to many that not only did they not know the answer, but neither did he. It was the fact that Socrates questioned everything that got him in trouble. Socrates revealed how little people in power knew, as well as everyone else. He also taught people to be true to themselves above all other things, which is a key point in his enemies accusations that he corrupted youth and had no reverence for the Gods. â€Å"If you take my advice you will think little of Socrates, and a great deal more about truth.† Plato, a student of Socrates, was born to a wealthy aristocratic family and became Socrates’ student at age twenty. Not only was he important as a philosopher himself, but also because he recorded Socrates’ work. (Socrates wrote nothing) Therefore what we know of Socrates is based on the writin...

COSTCO Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

COSTCO - Essay Example It deals with diverse people in various regions, and the need of workforce diversity is essential in the company to promote efficiency. Meanwhile, the company is concern with the quality of its products and services in that it values management training in order to improve the skills and understanding of employees. The Leadership styles are extremely essential in the management of the company because enhance the performance of the company. Thus, the paper will evaluate the management training, workforce diversity and the Leadership styles of the Costco in its operations. Management of training and workforce diversity Workforce diversifies in Costco deals with the adjustment of labor force and the way employee relate to each other at the workforce. The company promotes management of workforce diversity efficiently by creating an environment that evaluates unique qualities of each worker that help the company to achieve its goals and vision (Barak, 2010). Meanwhile, it involves in work force diversity training that introduces the knowledge and essential skills in the organization. The company provides a forum that assist participants to enhance their understandings in their fields. The management of training of Costco focuses on increasing understanding to all employees regardless of the status, gender and race, and make sure all human differences were respected. Costco is trying it best to create awareness and put emphasis on the need of training because it builds skills and examines the behavior that influence how employees interact (Lussier, 2011). Management training of the Costco focus on disseminating information that ensures employees is familiar and understands the law that governs fair employment practices. Similarly, it involves discussing human cognitive processes that are essential in promoting the performance of the organizations. The management training involves introducing courses and workshops that make sure managers are equipped with skills that h elp them to face challenges that may arise in supervising and managing projects (Lussier, 2011). Costco provide management training via offering seminars and sending management personnel to conferences. The management training includes courses that recognize the significant of effective communication and discussion that motivate employees (Barak, 2010). Meanwhile, the company training equips employee with qualities on how to handle performances reviews and problem solving in the work force diversity. Management training of the Costco addresses the diversity and emotional intelligence that help managers to manage their new responsibilities effectively. Management training of the company involves time management that will be useful for learning how to achieve goals and avoid doing work at the last minute. Bolman and Deal (2003) indicate that workforce diversity in Costco involves implementing policies and practices that involve people within the workforce that are different from those in the prevailing workforce. The workforce diversity in Costco integrates corporate responsibility that allows individuals to earn a living and meet their visions.. Meanwhile, workforce diversity of the company avoids issues of discriminatory preferences and practices in delegating their jobs and promotions that help in attracting the best accessible talent within the pool. Leadership style The leadership style provides direction, the method to implement plans and involve in motivating individuals, in organizations. There are three types of leadership styles that include authoritarian, democratic and free reign, and are implemented depending on the vision and goals of the organizati

Business Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Business Report - Essay Example Your mandate is to lead the hospital to achieve level 7 of the HIMSS EMR Adoption Model by 2025. As a Health Informatics Professional, you took the job for this reason as you have always wanted to work in a fully electronic environment. You are certainly driven to achieve it. Using the below points, outline how you intend on achieving this. Outline what you would do in your analysis and planning when you first start; Articulate your strategy and timeframes to reach ‘fully digital’ status; What technical factors would you need to consider when building your Electronic Health Record and why are these important? HINT: standards, terminologies? What systems would you use to support your strategy? What types of resources would you employ? How would you govern and manage the project? What risks do you see? How does your strategy align with that of Queensland and that of Australia? Format 4,000 words in length in. Use a business report format with each topic presented as a sect ion in your report. You need include only one reference list for the entire report. Proper and consistent academic referencing convention both within the text of the assignment and a compiled list of references at the end of the paper must be provided. References Style: APA Abbreviations & Acronyms Abbreviation/ Acronym Expansion Explanation EMR Electronic Medical Record Contains current and historical patient information eMAR Electronic Medication Administration Record CDS Clinical Decision Support Provides reminders and best-practice guidance for treatment CDR Central Data Repository Repository of information. Includes computerised physician order entry (COPE) COPE Computerised physician order entry (HIE) Health Information Exchange HIT Health information technology Used interchangeably with EMR systems HIMSS Healthcare information management systems society EMRAM Electronic Medical Record Adoption Model HITECH Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health OACIS O pen Architecture Clinical Information System Roadmap to achieving a HIMSS level 7 EMR for the Metro Hospital by 2025 Section 1: Background This report delineates a road map to achieving a HIMSS level 7 EMR for Metro Hospital, Brisbane by 2005. Healthcare information management systems society (HIMSS) level 7 identifies the ultimate level of electronic medical record capabilities â€Å"full digital status† depicting a paperless electronic medical record (EMR) environment (himssanalytics.org, 2011). The process of achieving the Stage 7 being long, which have to pass through eight stages, and a higher stage can be awarded only after a lower stage is achieved successfully; even if the Stage 7 is achieved by 2025 would provide a significant edge to Metro Hospital. The accomplishment would indicate that Metro Hospital is providing high quality patient care with interoperable electronic medical record in place (HIMSS Analytics, 2011). This status will offer the Metro Hospital the re cognition that the hospital has been working in a collaborative work environment wherein the entire organisation has invested its effort towards achieving a more integrated, safer and more efficient way of delivering care to its patients, using information technology (HIMSS Analytics, 2011). The report will demonstrate analysis and planning for achieving full digital status, by clearly articulating the strategies to be adopted and

Immigration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 9

Immigration - Essay Example In an ideal situation, the national government controls border crossings and movements within the states. However, the national government does not put any restrictions on border crossing, or movements and this makes entity states to make laws that address these issues. As a result, conflicts about  these laws arise, as they do not exist in the Constitution. In fact, some laws from entity states conflict with federal laws. In my opinion, children of illegal immigrants graduating from high school are entitled to in-state tuition. These children are born in the states and thus, they live in their rightfully as citizens by birth. This gets support from the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996, which allows children of illegal immigrants to enjoy equal benefits with those of legal migrants (Haines & Rosenblum, 1999). These children are citizens and the constitution should protect them. It is true that parents to these children are lawbreakers, but children should not suffer for mistakes done by their parents. After all, children are innocent and they have no power over where they are born, or who are their

Diagnosis of a Respiratory Disorder

Diagnosis of a Respiratory Disorder Introduction Respiratory disorders are the commonest causes of morbidity and mortality among children of all ages. The presentation may vary from trivial to life threatening symptoms. While a carefully conducted history and physical examination are vital for a correct diagnosis, various laboratory and radiological investigations aid in finally clinching the diagnosis. This chapter focuses on clinical assessment of the respiratory system in children. There is much overlap between the respiratory examination and that of other systems, and it is assumed that the reader has mastered basic physical examination skills. History The evaluation of a child with respiratory disorder should start with the history of present illness, significant past history, family history as well as antenatal and birth histories. The parent should be asked the chief complaint that prompted the consultation, along with the circumstances at onset, frequency, duration, and severity. History of prior treatment should be obtained. History of past illness will include all previous respiratory and other complaints. These include history of recurrent pneumonia (suggesting immunodeficiency, cystic fibrosis, anatomic abnormality, or bronchiectasis) known allergy and malnutrition. The family/ environmental history will provide information about history of contact or that suggestive of asthma in relatives, nutritional and financial status of the family, and history of exposure to allergens. Following are important clinical pointers in the history: Recurrent pneumonia: points towards immunodeficiency, cystic fibrosis, anatomic abnormality (gastroesophageal reflux), dysfunctional swallowing, or bronchiectasis. The child with a history of tracheoesophageal fistula repair is prone to tracheomalacia and gastroesophageal reflux–related disease. Atopy: eczema, atopic dermatitis, hay fever, or known allergies, may be important in the child with chronic cough or recalcitrant asthma. Failure to thrive, frequent infections, blood product transfusion, parental substance abuse, or poor growth may be a clue to an underlying immunodeficiency. History of contact with a case of tuberculosis Environmental history: exposure to dust due to construction in the house/neighbourhood, presence of pet animals or birds, exposure to smoke, either from tobacco use or use of wood for heating, cooking, or both. Associated complaints: Headache may be a sign of sinus disease or, especially if occurring in the early morning, a result of obstructive sleep apnea. Ocular symptoms such as conjunctivitis and blepharitis, as well as nasal symptoms, may indicate an atopic predisposition or in the young infant a chlamydial infection. Recurrent mouth ulcers or thrush can be associated with immunodeficiency, as may chronic or recurrent ear drainage. Poor feeding, edema, shortness of breath, and exercise tolerance can be clues to the presence of congestive heart failure. Stool characteristics, abdominal bloating, and fatty food intolerance are important features of cystic fibrosis. Neurologic symptoms such as seizures or developmental delay are important in evaluating the child with apparent life-threatening events or suspected chronic or recurrent aspiration. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION A thorough general physical examination is extremely important in the approach to a child with respiratory disorder. Recording the anthropometry is as important as are the presence of cyanosis, pallor and clubbing. Use of accessory muscles of respiration may indicate severity of respiratory distress and intercostal recession may point towards airway obstruction and a non-compliant lung. Supraclavicular and cervical lymph nodes should form part of the exanination routinely. Upper Airway An examination of the upper airway will indicate presence of nasal foreign body or infection, tonsillar enlargement, or narrowing of the glottis. The position of the trachea should be noted during examination of the neck. Deviation to one side may be seen with pneumothorax, neck mass, unilateral pulmonary agenesis or hypoplasia, or unilateral hyperinflation (as seen with foreign body or congenital cystic lung disorders). Chest Inspection Inspection forms the first component of chest examination. Presence or absence of any deformity should be noted, as should the general shape of the chest. A barrel chest (increased anteroposterior dimension) denotes obstructive lung disease. The severity of this deformity shows increased lung volumes (functional residual capacity, residual volume, total lung capacity, functional residual capacity/total lung capacity ratio, and residual volume/total lung capacity ratio) and is associated with radiographic findings of hyperinflation in children with poorly controlled asthma. Pectus carinatum (â€Å"pigeon breast†) or pectus excavatum (â€Å"funnel chest†) may be seen in patients who have chronically increased work of breathing, as in pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, or poorly controlled asthma. The respiratory rate, preferably noted with the child at rest or asleep, is a very important indicator of pulmonary illness (though fever and metabolic acidosis can have an inc reased respiratory rate in the absence of pulmonary disease). Nasal flaring to reduce nasal resistance to airflow and the use of accessory muscles of respiration such as the sternocleidomastoid muscles indicates respiratory distress as do retractions or indrawing of the skin of the neck and chest. Respiratory distress may also be seen in children with neuromuscular disorders. An objective way of assessing the degree of dyspnea is asking the child to count and noting the highest number reached in a single breath. The respiratory pattern and depth may also point towards a particular pathology. Shallow and rapid respiration is seen in children with restrictive lung disease. Similarly, rapid and deep respiration (hyperpnea), can be seen in children with hypoxia and metabolic acidosis while alkalosis results in slow, shallow breaths. Hyperpnea alternating with apnea (Biots respiration) is associated with central nervous lesions involving the respiratory centers. Cheyne-Stokes respirations seen in comatose patients is marked by gradually increasing and decreasing respirations. Likewise, the relative length of the respiratory phases (the inspiratory/expiratory ratio) is important. As the inspiratory and expiratory phases are roughly equal, a prolonged expiration may indicate obstructive diseases such as bronchiolitis, acute exacerbations of asthma, and cystic fibrosis. While some abdominal breathing, is normal up to 6 or 7 years of age, conspicuous respirations of this type in a child, however, generally reflect a pulmonary abnormality such as pneumonia, or respiratory muscle weakness. Palpation: Although more generally thought of in terms of the abdominal examination, palpation is important in the respiratory examination as well. It is used to confirm the visual observations of chest wall shape and excursion. Palpation is performed by placing the entire hand on the chest and feeling with the palm and fingertips. Friction rubs may be felt as high-frequency vibrations in synchrony with the respiratory pattern. Tactile fremitus, the transmission of vibrations associated with vocalization, is at times difficult to assess in children because of a lack of cooperation and a higher-pitched voice; lower-pitched vocalization is more effectively transmitted. It is best felt with the palmar aspects of the metacarpal and phalangeal joints on the costal interspaces. Decreased fremitus suggests airway obstruction, pleural fluid, or pleural thickening, whereas increased fremitus is associated with parenchymal consolidation. Occasionally a â€Å"thud† can be felt high in the chest or in the neck, a finding suggestive of a free tracheal foreign body. One can also assess chest excursion by placing the hands with the fingertips anterior and thumbs posterior and noting the degree of chest wall movement, comparing excursion of one side with the other by noting the movement of the thumbs away from the midline (the spinous processes). The point of maximal impulse, frequently shifted to the left in cardiac disease, may be shifted inferiorly and to the right in severe asthma, a large left-sided pleural effusion, or a tension pneumothorax. With massive left-sided atelectasis, it may be shifted to the left. Percussion: Percussion should be performed with the child upright with the head in neutral position, and using the indirect method (a single finger from one hand strikes on a finger of the other hand placed on an interspace). A gentle force should be used so as to avoid causing injury, especially in a young child). Sounds commonly elicited by percussion of the chest are as follows: Tympany : Normally heard with percussion of the abdomen, is seen in the chest with a massive pneumothorax. Resonance: This is the normal state in the chest; it is sometimes called vesicular resonance. Hyperresonance: Accentuation of the normal percussion is seen with states of hyperinflation like emphysema, asthma, or free intrapleural air. Coin test: A resonant metallic sound heard with a stethoscope when tapping a coin that is held flat against the chest with another coin; it indicates a pneumothorax. Dullness: A flat, thud-like sound, this sound is associated with pleural fluid or parenchymal consolidation. Flatness: This sound can be mimicked by percussing over muscle; its presence in the chest suggests massive pleural effusion. Auscultation: Auscultation of the chest should be performed with the age appropriate stethoscope (with chest pieces for premature infants, infants, children, and adolescents/adults). The diaphragm of the chest piece (pressed tightly against the skin) is used to filter out low-pitched sounds, thereby isolating high-pitched sound, and the bell (held lightly on the chest) is used preferentially to isolate low-pitched sounds. The upper lobes are best heard by listening anteriorly in the infraclavicular regions, the lower lobes by listening posteriorly below the scapulae, and the right middle lobe and lingula by listening anteriorly lateral to the lower third of the sternum. All lobes can be heard in the axillae. It is also important to specify the timing (continuous, early, or late), pitch (high, medium, or low), and character (fine, medium, or coarse) of sounds. These sounds can be divided into breath sounds (produced by the movement of gas through the airways), voice sounds (modifi cations of phonation not heard distinctly in the normal state), and adventitious sounds (neither breath or voice sounds). Breath Sounds Vesicular breath sounds are the sounds heard during respiration in a healthy individual. They are low-pitched, with a relatively longer inspiratory phase and a shorter expiratory phase and are louder on inspiration. These sounds emanate from the lobar and segmental airways and are then transmitted through normal parenchyma. Bronchial breath sounds are usually louder than vesicular sounds and have short inspiratory and long expiratory phases. They are higher pitched and louder during expiration. They may be the result of consolidation or compression (i.e., airlessness) of the underlying parenchyma. A similar sound can be heard by listening directly over the trachea. Bronchovesicular breath sounds, as the name implies, are intermediate between vesicular and bronchial sounds. The respiratory phases are roughly equal in length. This sound is felt to be indicative of a lesser degree of consolidation or compression (airlessness) than bronchial sounds. Bronchovesicular (and sometimes bronchial) breath sounds can occasionally be heard in normal individuals in the auscultatory triangle (the area in the back bound by the lower border of the trapezius, the latissimus dorsi, and the rhomboideus major muscles) and the right upper lobe. Wheezes are continuous musical sounds, more commonly expiratory in nature, and usually associated with short inspiratory and prolonged expiratory phases. They can be of single (monophonic) or multiple (polyphonic) pitches, which are higher pitched than vesicular sounds. These can often be very difficult to distinguish from snoring and upper airway sounds such as stridor. Stridor is a musical, monophonic, often high-pitched sound, usually thought of as inspiratory in nature; it can be expiratory as well, such as when produced by partial obstruction of a central, typically extrathoracic airway. Its presence in both inspiration and expiration suggests severe, fixed airway obstruction. Voice Sounds The normal lung parenchyma filters vocalization so that whispered sounds are not usually heard during auscultation and normally spoken syllables are indistinct. Bronchophony is the distinct transmission of spoken syllables as the result of an underlying consolidation or compression. More severe consolidation or compression results in the transmission of whispered sounds or whispered pectoriloquy. Egophony is very similar to bronchophony but has a nasal quality as well. It may reflect an underlying effusion, consolidation or compression, or both conditions. Adventitious Sounds Fine crackles are thought to be the result of the explosive reopening of alveoli that closed during the previous exhalations. These occur exclusively during inspiration and are associated with conditions such as bronchitis, pneumonia, pulmonary infarction, and atelectasis. They can also be normal when heard in the posterior lung bases during the first few breaths on awakening. They may be imitated by rolling several strands of hair between the thumb and forefinger in front of the ear or by pulling apart Velcro. Hamman’s sign, also called a mediastinal crunch, is the finding of crackles associated with systole and is suggestive of pneumomediastinum. Coarse crackles are popping sounds likely produced by the movement of thin fluids in bronchi or bronchioles. They occur early in inspiration and occasionally in expiration as well, may be audible at the mouth, and may clear or change pattern after a cough. They can sometimes be heard in the anterior lung bases during exhalation to residual volume. An example of these sounds is the crackles typically heard in patients with cystic fibrosis. Rhonchi (sometimes more descriptively called large airway sounds) are gurgling or bubbling sounds usually heard during exhalation. These sounds are the result of movement of fluid within larger airways. In individuals with pleural inflammation, a pleural friction rub may be heard. This loud, grating sound may come and go over a short period of time. It is usually associated with a subpleural parenchymal inflammatory process. OTHER SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Clubbing: Clubbing is the broadening and thickening of the ends of the fingers and toes that occur as the result of connective tissue hypertrophy and hyperplasia and increased vascularity in the distal phalanges, in response to chronic hypoxia. It can be confirmed clinically by checking for Schamroth’s sign. Causes of clubbing are as follows: Bronchiectasis Severe pneumonia, lung abscess, or empyema Interstitial lung disease (autoimmune and infectious) Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation Hepatopulmonary syndrome Pulmonary malignancy Cyanotic congenital heart disease Bacterial endocarditis Inflammatory bowel disease Thyrotoxicosis Familial Cyanosis: The use of cyanosis as a clinical indicator of hypoxemia is confounded by a number of factors such as skin pigmentation, poor lighting, the presence of nail polish, or hypothermia. Cyanosis occurs when the concentration of reduced arterial hemoglobin exceeds 3 g/dL. Clinical impression of cyanosis should be verified by arterial blood gas analysis or pulse oximetry. Pulsus paradoxus: Pulsus paradoxus (fluctuation in systolic blood pressure with respiration) may sometimes be associated with obstructive pulmonary disease. The arterial pressure falls during inspiration and rises with exhalation. It is quantified as the difference between the systolic pressures measured during inspiration and expiration. Pulsus paradoxus is useful in evaluating children with cystic fibrosis and asthma, in which a value of more than 15 mm Hg has been found to INVESTIGATION:

Revenue Cycle Management Essay -- essays research papers

Synopsis - Integrated solution for Revenue Cycle Management and Medical Records Overview Physician practices are being called on to do more than ever before. Today’s physicians must treat more patients, document interactions more meticulously, wrangle with more complex managed care rules, keep track of an ever-expanding array of drugs, submit and track claims and pay rising malpractice insurance bills. In many cases, physicians must treat 20 percent more patients than they did five years ago to generate the same revenue. In the face of these burdens, some practices are struggling to remain financially viable. For many practices, the biggest impediment to meeting these challenges is continual administrative burden, a lack of automated clinical documentation, and inefficient practice workflow systems. Despite the dramatic advances in many areas of healthcare technology over the past several years, most physician practices—especially small and midsize ones—are still using the same manual and paper-based office management systems they’ve used for decades. With mounting pressure from insurers, government agencies, and patients, physician practices need to reexamine the ways they work and interact. As physicians see more patients and insurers demand reformed documentation for rapid processing of claims, the manual healthcare systems that were adequate in the past will become less and less able to meet new demands. The problem The paperwork burden among solo/small group physician...

Organisational Business Practices Essay

Organization is a principle of life. We seek the help of organizations to meet our day to day requirements such as to feeding, clothing, educating entertaining, protecting etc. However, organizations are not contemporary creations. Modern society has more organizations which are fulfilling a larger category of societal and personal needs. Organizations are so encompassing in the modern life that it is sometimes easy to overlook that each may be regarded as an entity with a specific contribution and specific goals. Organization is a system of consciously coordinated activities of two or more persons in order to achieve a common goal. It is a system of four major internal interacting components such as: task, people, technology and structure. Organizations are said to be open systems. A number of metaphors can be used to think and explain about the nature of organization. There are eight archetypical metaphors of organization: Machines, Organisms, Brains, Cultures, Political Systems, Psychic Prisons, Flux and Transformation, Instruments of Domination. General Discussion Document: Director of Marketing is proposing to introduce a new process of sales at Superior Sales Corporation for which there will be changes as per the present set up. Staff are likely to resist the change hence some suggestions are placed to reduce the resistance. Organization Structure: Functional superiority can only be achieved if there is enough reliability and focus within each business unit. Elites are those specialized organizational units with closeness to power and having superior capability. Their functions signify a particular organization’s typical capability. It is, important that more than one such elite function exist. They need to be complementary so as to make sure that they serve as a check on another. Pluralist are those essential forces that play a important role in decision making. The tension that is created amongst these forces stimulates thoughts and lead to self-improvement and competitiveness, Elite functions bring main strengths to an organization, but must assist with the whole to attain shared results. The stronger and more competent the elites are, the more difficult it is to achieve cross-functional teamwork. The organization’s challenge is therefore to ensure that these functions are on a par with that of competition, but at the same time they need to ensure that they respond to market demands by cutting across these functional compartments. Organization Cultures: Organizations are mini-societies that have their own distinctive patterns of culture. Culture is a modern concept used in a social sense to refer broadly to civilization and social system. Its increasing use within the social sciences has led to definitions of varying generality, which develop in a host of ways. Culture is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. There is a growing literature of relevance how organization can be understood as a cultural phenomenon. It is valuable to understand the relationship between culture and industrialization. The greatest strength of this metaphor is that it shows how organizations rests in shared systems of meaning, values, ideologies, beliefs and other social practices that ultimately shape and guide organized action. Reactive and Proactive Changes: Forces for change arise out of an organization’s interaction with elements in its external or internal environment. The action of competitors, suppliers, government units or public groups may have substantial impacts on change. Social and cultural factors such as life styles, values or beliefs also lead to important changes. Forces of change may also arise from within an organization depending upon different phases of growth or demands made by different interest groups. Reactive changes occur when these forces make it necessary for a change to be implemented. Proactive change takes place when some forces to change lead an organization to conclude that a particular change is desirable and goes about in initiating the change in a planned manner. The difference between reactive and proactive changes corresponds to that between reflexive behavior and purposive behavior. Reactive change, like reflexive behavior, involves a limited part of the system whereas proactive change and purposive behavior coordinate the parts of the system as a whole. Organizational change has noted that many participants respond with dogged resistance to altering the status quo. In the industrial phenomenon workers have at times sought, in extremely violent fashion, to block the introduction of new technology. Supervisors and lower level managers have balked at large scale projects in job redesign and job enrichment; even low level employees, the presumed beneficiaries of such projects, have fought such changes. Senior managers have fought pitched battles against realignment of corporate structure. Even the proposal by a course coordinator to adopt a different style of presenting the report is capable of touching off a frenzy of defensive tactics to resist change. Such behavior may be either overt or covert. Overt resistance may take the form of employees deliberately failing to do the things necessary for successful change or simply being unenthusiastic about the change. The absence of overt resistance does not mean that resistance is not present, as resistance may be hidden from direct observation. Covert resistance can be more detrimental to change than open resistance because it is harder to identify and eliminate. There are at least two sets of factors which explain the process of resistance. One set relates to the personality and the other relates to the social system. Decreasing the Resistance: Managers who have been responsible for implementation have developed personal perspective consisting of assumption and strong feelings about how change should be introduced. These philosophies fall into two camps, either tops-down or bottoms-up. The Tops-down Strategy: The advocates of this strategy believe that, in general, people resist changes and require direction and structure for their well being as well as to work efficiently and effectively. The basic psychological contract between employees and management, it is assumed, is one in which the employee provides work, effort and commitment and expects in return pay, benefits, and a clear definition of what is expected to be done. It follows that it is the management’s responsibility to design the changes it deems appropriate and to implement these thoroughly but quickly by directives from the top. The Bottoms-up Strategy The advocates of this approach profess what to them is a more enlightened view of human nature. They argue that people welcome change and the opportunity to contribute to their own productivity, especially if the change gives them more variety in their work and more autonomy. These managers assume people have a psychological contract which includes an expectation that they be involved in designing change as well as in implementing it. Commitment to change, they say, follows from involvement in the total change process and is essential to successful implementation.

Free Essays on Australians Wartime Leaders

Australians Wartime Leaders: Robert Menzies: Robert Menzies was Australia’s longest serving Prime Minister and was elected in 1939, he headed the United Party until he resigned and started the Liberal Party. Robert Menzies committed Australia to war in Late 1939. After this speech Australians weren’t as encouraged to join the war effort because of their experience with WW1. Australia struggled to make the necessary 20,000 troops. Menzies didn’t introduce conscription because he believed that the many campaigns would help make the required amount of soldiers that he had promised to Britain. (10,000). this group of men were called the 6th Division. . The Menzies government were the first to introduce rationing which was used because of the shortages and lack of many needed raw materials. In 1939 the Menzies government also passed the National Security Act. This gave the government more power over the people allowing them to imprison the perceived internal â€Å"threats† such as German and Italian born citizens In 1947 Menzies opposed the banning of the communism party but 2 years later he had changed his mind. This is due to the widespread fear of communism in Australia. John Curtin: John Curtin was one of Australia’s Prime Ministers during both world wars. In 1941 John Curtin became Prime Minister following the termination of the Menzies Government. He was responsible for the alliance between Australia and the U.S because he saw that they were the only country who would be able to avoid a Japanese invasion of Australia. This agreement was made after a disagreement with Winston Churchill in which he argued that Australian troops (7th Division) needed to be brought home to defend Australia, Winston Churchill disagreed. In the end the troops were sent home. In 1943 John Curtin revised the defence act; this allowed the military to be sent to limited areas in the South-West pacific outside Australia. Just one ye... Free Essays on Australians Wartime Leaders Free Essays on Australians Wartime Leaders Australians Wartime Leaders: Robert Menzies: Robert Menzies was Australia’s longest serving Prime Minister and was elected in 1939, he headed the United Party until he resigned and started the Liberal Party. Robert Menzies committed Australia to war in Late 1939. After this speech Australians weren’t as encouraged to join the war effort because of their experience with WW1. Australia struggled to make the necessary 20,000 troops. Menzies didn’t introduce conscription because he believed that the many campaigns would help make the required amount of soldiers that he had promised to Britain. (10,000). this group of men were called the 6th Division. . The Menzies government were the first to introduce rationing which was used because of the shortages and lack of many needed raw materials. In 1939 the Menzies government also passed the National Security Act. This gave the government more power over the people allowing them to imprison the perceived internal â€Å"threats† such as German and Italian born citizens In 1947 Menzies opposed the banning of the communism party but 2 years later he had changed his mind. This is due to the widespread fear of communism in Australia. John Curtin: John Curtin was one of Australia’s Prime Ministers during both world wars. In 1941 John Curtin became Prime Minister following the termination of the Menzies Government. He was responsible for the alliance between Australia and the U.S because he saw that they were the only country who would be able to avoid a Japanese invasion of Australia. This agreement was made after a disagreement with Winston Churchill in which he argued that Australian troops (7th Division) needed to be brought home to defend Australia, Winston Churchill disagreed. In the end the troops were sent home. In 1943 John Curtin revised the defence act; this allowed the military to be sent to limited areas in the South-West pacific outside Australia. Just one ye...

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buy custom Custom Coursework essay According to William S. Wallaces book Field Manual 3-0; Headquarters, Department of the Army, simultaneity involves concurrent combination of defensive as well as offensive tasks which will effectively destabilize the enemy and ensure that peace is achieved. The operational commanders must be well versed in information about the scope of operation of the enemy and, civil conditions. They are also obliged to establish the most appropriate actions that will stall the enemy's operations and the enemy's effective synchronization (Wade, 2008). Simultaneity also involves subjecting the enemy to more demands so that they are not able to cope with in-depth operations. Thishinders the enemy's further reactions. For success to be achieved during an operation, the strategies set by the operational commanders must be adhered to by the tactical commanders in the battle field./p> Synchronization, on the other hand, is anarrangement of military response, such as timing, proper strategies or decisions, as well as selecting the place to execute them. It is the act of executing several related tasks simultaneously in different areas in order to achieve the success. The army's operational initiative is to clearly define ways of action throughout their mission in order to attack, capture and exploit their mission or initiative. The initiative is the source of the army's spirit to accomplish the mission which is to seize, exploit and pursue to realize the desired results. To achieve the initiative, the commander must be able to assess the situation on the ground and be ready to take the necessary risks as well as exploit the available opportunities.The initiatiave forms the spirit of all army's operations and directly affects their performance or success (Wade, 2008). Lethal actions during operations are characterized by swift actions towards the enemy. This also involves attacking the enemy at the time when they least expect and employing the methods which the enemy least expects you to use. This shock emanating from sudden violence will stall all enemy's strategies and stability hence the mission is accomplished. Nonlethal actions are characterized by the soldiers providing civil supportto the people during reconstruction as well as ensuring stability. This may also involve supporting the residents economically, and also helping establish the infrastructure, such as communication links. The army can encourage people to stop supporting the enemy and only cooperate with the army, which makes it hard for the enemy to effectively operate. This rapport between the army and the people paralyses the enemy (Wallace, 2008). Buy custom Custom Coursework essay

Health Promotion Program Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Health Promotion Program - Assignment Example Health promotion programs in the workplace are focused on reducing, preventing and also eliminating any health hazard that can lead to poor health of the employees and also enhances the work capabilities of the employees. Not only physical but also mental, social health also has to be maintained to produce maximum results at the work place. According to the article, the studies showed that health promotion programs at workplaces were offered by most of the organizations and emphasized on health risk screening, healthy diet programs, and exercise counselling and improving relations with co-workers. According to evidence, wellness health programs can positively affect presenteeism and also highlight the risk factors for the workers (Cancelliere, Cassidy, Ammendolia, & Cote, 2011). The increased numbers of health related problems in our society are a warning sign to improve our health associated habits and ask for a more health conscious state of mind. Helath promotion programs are a very effective way of improving the public health habits by spreading awareness of risk factors, teaching how to prevent them and at the same time making plans for the members so that they can imporve their daily life habits. Workplace diseases are also soaring which not only affect the employees but also lower the economy, productivity of the company and its financial growth. According to studies, an approximate of $3.27 decline in medical costs is observed with the induction of wellness programs and the fall in the health related leaves by the employees leads to increased savings (Baicker, Cutler, & Song, 2010). This supports the evidence in the main article that wellness programs are an effective way of increasing financial growth, increased savings and enhanced productivity. Cancelliere, C., Cassidy, J. D., Ammendolia, C., & Cote, P. (2011). Are workplace health promotion programs

The Influence of Activity Based Costing in Finance Sector Essay

The Influence of Activity Based Costing in Finance Sector - Essay Example Understanding ABC can show the way to better knowledge of an organization business course of actions and basic expenses. ABC is a financial plan and scrutiny process that estimates operating cost by involving overheads to orders, clientele, services and end-items. It permits managers to discriminate between cost-effective and non-beneficial services. ABC facilitates to fill up the spaces of conventional costing by recognizing all the work actions and their costs that enrol in constructing a product, carrying a service, or executing a process. When the solitary expenses are calculated, a representation of the overall cost of a process becomes apparent. The cost of giving out the different division of consumers can yet distinguish by ABC model (Shank, 1996).Daly (2001) elucidate that the central theory behind the Activity-based costing system is that resource operating cost have to be allocated to the activities executed. Expenses acknowledged in the economy are assembled and circulated to these events. This assists the firm to comprehend how much they are paying out on the activities that sustain the making of certain item for consumption or services.Mapping out firm expenditures can start by consulting department executives to find out what primary activities are carried out in each unit and what aspects decide how long a doing a cquires. Just the once this record is achieved, one can begin to trace the supply costs to activities. Taking the case of objects managing department in which the public in the department acted upon three fundamental assignments can represent this. These responsibilities comprised of: accepting purchased stuffs, accepting unprocessed materials and distributing materials. It was supposed that every member of staff in the division was uniformly trained and equally remunerated, so the firm made a decision to apply time percentages for handing over material costs to the three responsibilities. The time of the supervisor was spread transversely for all activities executed by the division in percentage to the time laboured by other workers under management. Therefore, exclusive of indulging each sort of work as different, costs were allocated in relation to the effort done. Several departments have persons who appear to work daily, no issue at what altitude of capability their division is functioning. This kind of obligation often is categorized as fixed, because the amount of people who work does not fluctuate with requirements. This view is not acceptable for all the time though, because the majority of departments have various fixed and variable costs. Within a department, workers may be handed over to complete a number of tasks based on the level of order. This kind of task can be marked out to what action is being carried out, and can therefore, be preceded to the concluding cost of the end substance. A quantity of resources might perhaps also be fixed for a division. This might comprise the space in the capacity that the department utilizes and the equipments that the division requires to work. With the technology at present, costing statistics should be readily obtainable to evaluate the variable costs of a division, plus the assigned costs, in c oncluding the achievability of a project (Locander, 1998). Literature Review Designing the Optimal System Different Perspectives Few years back a research association of banks constructed a report that evidently described how management accounting figures in banking